Alternately, write 'line' or 'lines' and then the line numbers for plays or poetry. If you directly quote an author's words, put the page number of the book or article on which those words are found after the publication information.

For further info on citing journal publication information, see sections 14.171-186 of the Manual. If the journal lists a month or a month and day of publication, include it before the year of publication. Also for a journal article, the volume and issue number are separated by a comma and are not put in parentheses, though the year is. For a journal article, there is a space but no other punctuation between the journal title and the publication information. The publication information for books is (put in parentheses). The title of a book or journal is italicized The title of a book chapter or an article is 'put in quotation marks' A subtitle is separated from the title by a colon.

and trs.Īll Major Words in a Title are Capitalized. If there are four or more authors, list the first author followed by a comma and then the words 'et al.' Et al indicates there are additional authors not listed in the footnote.īook editors and translators are noted by the abbreviations ed.

The author's first name is written out, middle name(s) are written as initials, and last name is written out. The elements of the citation are separated by commas. You should also note that a footnote citation's construction differs slightly from that of a citation in a bibliography. A footnote cition will always follow this basic structure, though there will be some variation of how you construct these different elements depending on whether you are citing a book, book chapter, journal article, or content in some other medium. Sections 14.43-14.48 of the Chicago Manual introduces the basic elements of a footnote: the author's name(s), an article title or book chapter title if needed, the title of the book or journal, and the publication information.

What is an endnote in book